Determination of Optimum Number of Groups on the Crowdsourcing Survey in Japanese People Interpreted by Physical Constitution Defined by CCMQ-J

Abstract

Determination of Optimum Number of Groups on the Crowdsourcing Survey in Japanese People Interpreted by Physical Constitution Defined by CCMQ-J Mariko SATO, Toshihiro KAWASAKI, Ming HUANG, Hoko KYO , Naoaki ONO, Ryouhei EGUCHI, Md. Altaf-Ul-Amin, Saki TOKUDA-KAKUTANI, Hiroshi WATANABE, Norihito MURAYAMA, Satoshi NAKAMURA, Shiori YAMAGUCHI, Hiroki TANAKA, Shigehiko KANAYA,Yanbo ZHU, Zhaoyu DAI, Qi WANG, Kazuo UEBABA, Nobutaka SUZUKI Suntory Global Innovation Center Research Group Computational Systems Biology Lab., Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology Department of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Clinical R&D, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology Augmented Human Communication Lab.., Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong, Baptist University School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Teikyo Heisei University Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ-J) consists of sixty independent questionnaires and 9 physical constitutions called subscales. One type is balanced constitution (i.e., gentleness), and the following eight types represent unbalanced constitution: Qi-deficiency constitution, Yang-deficiency constitution, Yin-deficiency constitution, Phlegm-dampness constitution, Damp-heat constitution, Stagnant Blood constitution, Stagnant Qi constitution, and Inherited Special constitution. In this study, we proposed to determine optimal number of groups in 851 participants recruited from crowdsourcing answered CCMQ-J questionnaire consisting of 60 questions. In the present study, we applied k-means clustering with gap statistics to the questionnaire data and the number of optimal groups was estimated by five. The five groups are mainly characterized by 3 subscales in CCMQ-J, i.e. (i) two subscales corresponding to Yang-deficiency and Qi-depress, (ii) three subscales corresponding to gentleness, Yang-deficiency and Qi-depress (iii) Yang-deficiency, (iv) gentleness, and (v) Qi-depress. In the crowdsourcing survey, two subscales, Yangdeficient and Qi-depress are the most frequently occurred in current Japanese people.