Exploiting Program Semantics to Place Data in Hybrid Memory

Wei Wei, D. Jiang, S. Mckee, Jin Xiong, Mingyu Chen
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引用次数: 44

Abstract

Large-memory applications like data analytics and graph processing benefit from extended memory hierarchies, and hybrid DRAM/NVM (non-volatile memory) systems represent an attractive means by which to increase capacity at reasonable performance/energy tradeoffs. Compared to DRAM, NVMs generally have longer latencies and higher energies for writes, which makes careful data placement essential for efficient system operation. Data placement strategies that resort to monitoring all data accesses and migrating objects to dynamically adjust data locations incur high monitoring overhead and unnecessary memory copies due to mispredicted migrations. We find that program semantics (specifically, global access characteristics) can effectively guide initial data placement with respect to memory types, which, in turn, makes run-time migration more efficient. We study a combined offline/online placement scheme that uses access profiling information to place objects statically and then selectively monitors run-time behaviors to optimize placements dynamically. We present a software/hardware cooperative framework, 2PP, and evaluate it with respect to state-of-the-art migratory placement, finding that it improves performance by an average of 12.1%. Furthermore, 2PP improves energy efficiency by up to 51.8%, and by an average of 18.4%. It does so by reducing run-time monitoring and migration overheads.
利用程序语义在混合存储器中放置数据
像数据分析和图形处理这样的大内存应用程序受益于扩展的内存层次结构,而混合DRAM/NVM(非易失性存储器)系统代表了一种有吸引力的方法,通过这种方法可以在合理的性能/能源权衡下增加容量。与DRAM相比,nvm通常具有更长的延迟和更高的写能量,这使得谨慎的数据放置对于有效的系统操作至关重要。采用监视所有数据访问和迁移对象以动态调整数据位置的数据放置策略会由于错误预测迁移而导致较高的监视开销和不必要的内存拷贝。我们发现程序语义(特别是全局访问特征)可以有效地指导相对于内存类型的初始数据放置,这反过来又使运行时迁移更有效。我们研究了一种离线/在线组合放置方案,该方案使用访问分析信息静态放置对象,然后有选择地监控运行时行为以动态优化放置。我们提出了一个软件/硬件合作框架,2PP,并就最先进的迁移安置对其进行了评估,发现它平均提高了12.1%的性能。此外,2PP将能源效率提高了51.8%,平均提高18.4%。它通过减少运行时监视和迁移开销来实现这一点。
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