Ecological analysis of plants in Almaty region (Enbekshikazakh and Talgar districts)

Abstract

This article presents the results of a study obtained during an ecological analysis of the flora of theAlmaty region (using the example of Talgar and Enbekshikazakh regions). Plants are a vulnerable component of biota, as they are the primary link in the food chain and play a major role in absorbing variouspollutants due to their attachment to the soil substrate. Plants grow and develop under the influence ofa variety of factors. Natural settlement of plants leads to the formation of plant communities, which canbe used to judge about the state of biodiversity of a particular region. In this regard, the inventory andanalysis of the flora of any region have been, is and will always be relevant. One of the global tasks of ourtime is to study the problems and preserve biological diversity. The aim of the work was to conduct anecological analysis of the flora of Almaty region (on the example of Talgar and Enbekshikazakh districts),reflecting the characteristics of the environment and a variety of living conditions. Flora was studiedusing traditional methods of floristic and field geobotanical studies. The distribution of plant speciesof Almaty region by life forms showed that the predominant are perennials (1009 species or 65.5%),annuals (266 species or 17.3%) and shrubs (101 species or 6.5%). The smallest part of species belongsto biennial plants (80 species or 5.2%), trees (46 species or 3%), and suff rutices (17 species or 1.1%), asmall number are semi-frutex (9 species or 0.6%), drawf semishrub (8 species or 0.5%), lianas (4 speciesor 0.2%) and 1 species, which is 0.01% of the total number of trees. As a result of the ecological analysisof the flora of Almaty region, which is based on the classification of groups in relation to soil moisture,revealed that the majority are mesoxerophytes (770 species or 49.9%), xerophytes (309 species, whichis 20.05%), mesophytes (278 species or 18.04% of the total number of species), xeromesophytes (154species or 9.9 %). A smaller part of the flora of the region is composed of hygromesophytes (16 speciesof ili1, 03 %) and mesohygrophytes (14 species, which is 0.9%).Key words: flora, Almaty region, ecological analysis, life forms, ecological groups.