Mechanisms for Controlling Sand-Induced Corrosion in Horizontal Pipe Flow of Sand, Crude Oil and Water

S. Sanni, S. S. Adefila, A. Anozie, O. Agboola
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Background: The presence of sand particles and associated water in crude oil calls for serious concern when the flow conditions leading to flow stratification in an upstream petroleum pipeline become significant. At such conditions, problems such as sand deposition and water containment on the pipe wall may result in consequences such as sand-induced corrosion, mechanical failure, pipe fatigue, reduced flow area, loss of production and pipe blockage which are still currently unresolved by conventional and current models. Objective: A modelling approach was adopted to control the conditions leading to sand-induced corrosion and other related problems caused by flow stratification in the upstream petroleum sector since conventional methods adopted to screen sand, only contribute to the problem. Also, to date, mechanisms and models exist for other corrosion types such as CO2, H2S, acid-induced corrosion, etc. but none currently exists for sand-induced corrosion. However, the concept of force-competition or dimensionless numbers was adopted using a modelling approach to resolve the problem. Method: This research work resolves the situation by means of a three-phase model which incorporates sand, crude oil and water phases in its mass and momentum balance equations while taking into cognisance, the effect of eddies. The three-layer model established in this work, has its origin in a two-phase sand-crude oil system and, based on current literature, a modelling approach that considers the flow of sand, crude oil and water has never been adopted to tackle the problem of sand-induced corrosion caused by associated water as a stimulant for corrosion. Conclusion: The established model gave an accuracy of 99% when results from the model were compared with sand and crude oil production data obtained from the field. Based on the model’s reliability, flow mechanisms/dimensionless numbers were used to ascertain critical flow conditions in order to be able to avoid situations leading to sand deposition, sand-induced corrosion and other related problems. Based on the results obtained, the estimated Euler numbers revealed that the 18 m point of the pipe is at risk due to the impact of the sand-deposit-drag-force on the pipe wall. Also, the estimated Froude numbers were indicative of the 12-18 m points as deposit/corrosion prone areas.
砂、原油和水水平流管中砂致腐蚀的控制机理
背景:当导致上游石油管道流动分层的流动条件变得明显时,原油中砂粒和伴生水的存在引起了人们的严重关注。在这种情况下,管壁上的积砂和堵水等问题可能会导致砂致腐蚀、机械故障、管道疲劳、流道面积减少、生产损失和管道堵塞等后果,这些问题目前仍是传统和现有模型无法解决的。目的:由于传统的筛砂方法只会加剧问题,因此采用建模方法来控制上游石油部门流动分层导致砂致腐蚀和其他相关问题的条件。此外,迄今为止,对于其他类型的腐蚀,如CO2、H2S、酸腐蚀等,存在机制和模型,但目前还没有针对砂腐蚀的机制和模型。然而,采用力竞争或无量纲数的概念,采用建模方法来解决问题。方法:在考虑涡流影响的情况下,建立了一种将砂、原油和水相纳入质量和动量平衡方程的三相模型,解决了这一问题。本研究中建立的三层模型起源于两相砂-原油系统,根据目前的文献,考虑砂、原油和水流动的建模方法从未被用于解决由伴生水作为腐蚀刺激物引起的砂致腐蚀问题。结论:将模型结果与现场获得的出砂和原油产量数据进行比较,所建立的模型精度为99%。基于模型的可靠性,采用流动机制/无因次数确定临界流动条件,以避免导致砂积、砂致腐蚀和其他相关问题的情况。根据所获得的结果,估计的欧拉数显示,由于沙沉积阻力对管壁的影响,管道的18m点处于危险状态。此外,估计的Froude数表明12-18 m点是容易沉积/腐蚀的区域。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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