Nierówności ekonomiczne a pułapka średniego poziomu rozwoju. Wnioski dla Polski

R. Kowalski
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Abstract

Purpose – This paper examines empirical controversies about the middle-income trap concept and presents the analysis of the relationship between economic inequality and the middle income trap. It also discusses the significance of inequality as a potential barrier for Poland’s economic growth in the long-term perspective. Research method – A critical literature review and data from OECD statistics database were used to assess the impact of inequalities on economic growth and the significance of inequality as a risk factor for Poland’s economic growth. Results – Empirical approaches are subject to the limitations as they rely on arbitrary assumptions to define time and income thresholds when assessing whether a country is caught in a middle-income trap. The analysis shows that the growth slowdown in the countries “trapped” at the middle-income level result mainly from the slowdown of the total factor productivity growth and that high levels of inequality have negative impact on productivity determinants, therefore on growth. However, given the moderate level of income inequality, it seems that in the case of Poland some other internal barriers to growth are among the most important ones. Originality/value – Understanding the role of economic inequality in explaining total factor productivity growth is crucial in devising appropriate policy measures that may help to avoid the middle-income trap.
本文考察了关于中等收入陷阱概念的实证争议,并分析了经济不平等与中等收入陷阱之间的关系。它还讨论了不平等的重要性,从长远来看,这是波兰经济增长的潜在障碍。研究方法-关键文献综述和经合组织统计数据库的数据被用来评估不平等对经济增长的影响,以及不平等作为波兰经济增长风险因素的重要性。结果——实证方法存在局限性,因为在评估一个国家是否陷入中等收入陷阱时,它们依赖于武断的假设来确定时间和收入阈值。分析表明,“被困”在中等收入水平的国家的增长放缓主要是由于全要素生产率增长放缓,高度不平等对生产率决定因素产生负面影响,从而对增长产生负面影响。然而,考虑到收入不平等的适度程度,在波兰的情况下,似乎其他一些内部增长障碍是最重要的障碍之一。原创性/价值-了解经济不平等在解释全要素生产率增长中的作用,对于制定可能有助于避免中等收入陷阱的适当政策措施至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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