Advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Cardiac Sounds as a Non-Invasive Diagnosis Method

Abstract

This paper provides a concise overview of the recent advances in the computational fluid dynamics modeling of flow-induced sounds, a valuable non-invasive tool that delivers complementary information for the early detection of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. An abnormal flow through an unhealthy artery consists of turbulent pressure fluctuations that interact with the arterial walls, leading to the sound waves propagated through the surrounding tissue. These sound waves recorded on the epidermal surface are vascular sounds known as murmurs. Detailed studies of the adverse flow conditions associated with cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases are vital to enhance our understanding of the mechano-acoustics mechanisms of flow-induced sound sources. This information can lead us to predictive, non-invasive techniques for diagnosing different diseases such as atherosclerosis and aneurysm before they progress to severe cases. This necessity suggests that more studies are necessary to develop strategies that can be employed to detect cardiovascular diseases without the need for invasive approaches.