Suicide and alcohol use among American Indians: toward a transactional–ecological framework

Abstract

American Indian/Native Alaskan suicide rates are 72% higher than in the general US population. Current estimates indicate over 90% of people in the US who suicide have a mental illness and/or alcohol and substance issues. Among American Indians/Native Alaskans in 2002, the vast majority (69%) of suicides involved alcohol. Chronic alcohol use can cause or contribute to depressive disorders. Thus, suicide, chronic alcohol use, depression and mental health are intertwined. This article asserts the need for a transactional–ecological framework along with the strengths and comparative perspectives as a useful way to understand this problem and devise intervention strategies.