Frequency and Voltage Compliance Capability of Grid-Forming Wind Turbines in Offshore Wind Farms in Weak Grids with a Power Imbalance

Benjamin Vilmann, J. Hjerrild, P. Randewijk, A. Khalil
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Abstract

Grid-forming wind turbines are a promising technology for weak grids with a high penetration of converter-based power sources. The droop control, the synchronverter, and the virtual synchronous machine grid-forming control topologies are benchmarked by voltage and frequency stability performance from a frequency disturbance under different grid conditions (by varying short-circuit ratio, X/R ratio, and the inertia). The wind turbines are modelled in an offshore wind farm application and the frequency disturbance are scaled to 5% of the installed capacity. The study have shown that the virtual synchronous machine performs best regarding frequency and voltage compliance in weak grids under a frequency disturbance. DC-link modelling is essential for dynamic simulations of grid-forming converters, as grid perturbations can drain the link for energy.
弱电网功率不平衡条件下海上风电场并网风力发电机组的频率电压顺应能力
并网风力涡轮机是一种很有前途的技术,适用于具有高渗透变流器电源的弱电网。在不同电网条件下(通过改变短路比、X/R比和惯性),通过电压和频率稳定性能来测试下垂控制、同步器和虚拟同步机电网形成控制拓扑。对某海上风电场中的风力发电机进行了建模,并将频率扰动按比例调整到装机容量的5%。研究表明,在频率干扰下,虚拟同步机在弱电网的频率和电压顺应性方面表现最好。由于电网扰动会消耗直流链路的能量,因此直流链路建模对于网格形成变换器的动态模拟是必不可少的。
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