Crutch Walking-Induced Neurovascular Complications

Abstract

Background/Purpose: The use of crutches is frequently necessary in orthopedic patients. However, improper use of crutches may lead to neurovascular complications. Material and Methods: We reviewed studies written in English that were published between January, 1980 and the end of June, 2018, regarding crutch walking-induced complications. Our survey revealed three case reports that described nerve complications and eight that described vascular complications following crutch usage. Results: Muscle weakness and sensory disturbances likely occurred due to nerve injury, while axillary and or brachial artery stenoses and aneurysms lead to rupture or thromboembolism in the upper extremities. Nerve injuries developed in patients who had used one or multiple crutches for only a transient period, and in these cases, crutches were most often used due to leg fractures. Most vascular complications occurred in those who had used crutches for over fifty years, and the main reasons for crutch usage in these cases were poliomyelitis and lower limb amputation. Discussion: The proper use of crutches is essential. Users should be aware of the possibility of crutch-induced neurovascular injury and they should be followed with serial imaging even if no ischemic episodes occur in the upper extremity.