Problems of forecasts of natural hazards in Kazakhstan: extreme conditions of large water bodies

Abstract

An overview of previous studies of the changes and forecasting of Caspian Sea level is presented. Examples of abrupt sea level changes at the historical period and for the observation period since 1900 are considered. A retrospective analysis of sea level forecasts, projects and activities initiated by these forecasts is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the long-term forecasts of fluctuations in the level of the Caspian Sea, which are currently published.