Teacher strategies that foster students’ boundary-crossing expertise when addressing problems with wicked tendencies

M. Veltman, J. van Keulen, J. Voogt
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Abstract

Professionals are increasingly involved in attempts to understand and address problems with wicked tendencies, which require crossing boundaries between disciplines, organisa- tions and stakeholder perspectives. This multiple-case study investigated six higher professional education courses in order to develop better understanding of how teachers fos- ter the development of students’ boundary-crossing expertise through enhancing relevant learning processes in courses focussing on wicked-problem-solving in interdisci- plinary and multi-stakeholder contexts. We viewed students’ relevant learning processes as learning mechanisms that foster boundary awareness (identification and reflection) and boundary work (coordination and transformation) and considered teachers to be enablers of such learning pro- cesses. Data came from semi-structured interviews with teachers, students and stakeholders, observations and document study. We identified nine interrelated enabling strategies teachers used. To foster students’ observation of wickedness through boundary awareness, they encouraged mutual acquaintance, open exploration, opportunities for learning, and multi-perspectivity. To foster students’ action through boundary work, they encouraged initial contact, joint action and multifaceted perspectives on value creation. To foster the interplay between boundary awareness and work, they encouraged successive refinement and structure while embracing wickedness. Balancing the tension that students experience at boundaries when navigating complexity, uncertainty and value divergence was identified as an important element of these enabling strategies. (Teacher). The dilemmas were then discussed in class: ‘They experience a lot when walking around in the neighbour-hood. 100%. I can see it happen, very nice . . . having an opinion on the matter, you know. . . on the mess on the street, or neighbours complaining about loiterers’ (Teacher). Students showed awareness of the need to explore different perspectives: ‘You’ve got to gather information from lots of different people, not just residents, also professionals. Just to obtain a somewhat clear picture’ (Student). Another described how and back on got we we we more we can take initiative and propose things’. The teacher how the process-oriented approach, with and without better insight into and This enabled him to cater for students’ learning needs during the process, such as by co-creating a template for their midterm report (deliverable), restoring some clarity.
教师的策略,培养学生跨越边界的专业知识,当解决问题与邪恶的倾向
专业人士越来越多地参与到理解和解决邪恶倾向问题的尝试中,这需要跨越学科、组织和利益相关者观点之间的界限。本多个案研究调查了六门高等专业教育课程,以了解教师如何在跨学科和多利益相关者的背景下,通过加强课程的相关学习过程,促进学生跨界专业知识的发展。我们将学生的相关学习过程视为培养边界意识(识别和反思)和边界工作(协调和转化)的学习机制,并认为教师是这些学习过程的推动者。数据来自对教师、学生和利益相关者的半结构化访谈、观察和文献研究。我们确定了教师使用的九种相互关联的使能策略。为了通过边界意识培养学生对邪恶的观察,他们鼓励相互认识、开放探索、学习机会和多视角。为了通过边界工作培养学生的行动,他们鼓励初步接触、共同行动和从多方面的角度来创造价值。为了促进边界意识和工作之间的相互作用,他们鼓励不断的改进和结构,同时拥抱邪恶。平衡学生在处理复杂性、不确定性和价值分歧时所经历的紧张关系,被认为是这些支持策略的重要元素。(老师)。然后在课堂上讨论了这些困境:“他们在附近散步时经历了很多。100%。我能看到它发生,很好…对这件事有自己的看法,你知道…街上的混乱,或者邻居抱怨闲逛的人(老师)。学生们意识到需要探索不同的观点:“你必须从很多不同的人那里收集信息,不仅是居民,还有专业人士。只是为了获得一个比较清晰的画面”(学生)。另一位则描述了“我们可以采取主动,提出建议”。老师如何以过程为导向的方法,有和没有更好的洞察,这使他能够在过程中迎合学生的学习需求,比如通过共同为他们的期中报告创建一个模板(可交付),恢复一些清晰度。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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