I Won’t, Therefore I Am: Being Stubborn

M. Kets de Vries
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Abstract

Starting with a fairy tale (sparked by the Brexit experience), this article explores the phenomenon of stubbornness. Although it describes how a leader’s stubbornness can be a force for the good—Charles de Gaulle being a prime example—it’s main focus is on how this behavior pattern can turn into a force for the bad. The fine line between stubbornness and persistence is explored, as well as the very narrow division between stubbornness and stupidity. It is demonstrated how, in many instances of stubbornness, the defense mechanism of denial reigns prominently. In addition, the role of the confirmation bias is highlighted. Also, stubbornness is explored from a phenomenological point of view, describing its behavioral manifestations. Reference is made to the relationship of stubbornness and power games, and ideological belief systems. Stubbornness is also looked at from a developmental point of view, taking an in-depth look at the kinds of strategies children use to deal with intrusive parenting. It is noted that stubbornness is often a strength of the weak—a compensatory reaction of dealing with a deep sense of inner vulnerability. Reference is made to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the Mental Disorders (DSM V) description of the “Oppositional Defiant Disorder” (ODD), one of the more troublesome behavior patterns of childhood and adolescence. Finally, ways of dealing with stubborn people are explored.
我不愿,故我在:固执
本文从一个童话故事(由英国脱欧引发)开始,探讨了固执的现象。尽管它描述了一个领导人的固执如何成为一种好的力量,戴高乐就是一个最好的例子,但它主要关注的是这种行为模式如何变成一种坏的力量。书中探讨了固执和坚持之间的细微差别,以及固执和愚蠢之间的细微差别。这表明,在许多顽固的例子中,否认的防御机制是如何占据主导地位的。此外,还强调了确认偏误的作用。并从现象学的角度对倔强进行了探讨,描述了倔强的行为表现。文中还提到了顽固与权力游戏、意识形态信仰体系的关系。顽固也从发展的角度来看待,深入研究了孩子们用来应对侵入式父母的各种策略。值得注意的是,固执往往是弱者的一种力量——一种处理内心深处脆弱感的补偿性反应。参考精神疾病诊断和统计手册(DSM V)对“对立违抗性障碍”(ODD)的描述,这是儿童和青少年时期比较麻烦的行为模式之一。最后,探讨了与顽固的人打交道的方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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