The energy efficiency of fractal solar grids

Abstract

We study the energy production, usage, and stability of networks composed of solar modules connected in different topologies. In particular, we examine fractal microgrid networks of such modules with storage batteries at each node and examine the performance under typical conditions of generation, usage and storage. We also incorporate energy excess sharing on demand between the units. Experimental as well as simulation results are presented for model households in which users have a distribution of requirements for the generated energy. Our results show that under normal operational conditions, solar units connected in a network offer an advantage over isolated solar off-grid units. We find that there is a relationship between the nature of the connectivity and efficiency within a particular connection topology. Furthermore, we find that networks with loops are more efficient in energy distribution. We also consider the possibility of mixed energy generation, with nodes randomly distributed between solar and wind generators. Random fractal networks show higher efficiency: they reduce power wastage and the effects of power cuts through effective power sharing.