Bipredicative constructions with dependent predicative units denoting location in the Khakas language

Abstract

The syntax of a complex sentence is of great interest to researchers of various languages. Despite active research, there are many issues to be clarified. Our attention is focused on the syntax of the Khakass language. Previous investigations were devoted to asyndetic compound sentences, concessive and causal constructions in the Khakass language in comparison with the Russian language. Still, given that only a small section of the scientific grammar of the Khakass language covers the topic under discussion, such studies are of great relevance. The current study deals with complex sentences in the Khakas language, namely the bipredicative constructions of place that have not received proper coverage yet. The purpose was to identify and describe the structures concerned. The research revealed that Khakass bipredicative constructions of place are represented by two structural types. The first category includes the constructions in which the relationship between the dependent predicative unit and the main predicative unit is usually realized analytically by means of pronominal adverbs and correlative words, namely deictic locative adverbs. The second type involves determinative constructions, which are dependent predicative units in bipredicative constructions of place. The main predicative unit is connected with the dependent predicative unit by the words in spatial cases (dative, locative, directive, and ablative), and in the dependent predicative unit, they are represented by pronominal adverbs. Furthermore, the dependent predicative unit completely identifies the main predicative unit in space.