Bolşevik İhtilalinin Ardından Osmanlı Devleti’nin Rusya’daki Yeni Rejime Bakışı

Abstract

In Russia, the movements against the regime by the people started  at the end of the 19th century. The abundance of the gains of Russia  from the Berlin Treaty in 1878 disturbed England because of the role  Russia played in the independence movements by the Balkan States  and that they could also be very active in Anatolia and Asia. England  provoked Armenians to keep Russia busy in Anatolia and Caucasus.  It also provoked and supported Japan in the Far East for a war it could  fight against Russia. Because of all these, the Russian-Armenian relations  deteriorated after 1890. In the beginning of the 20th century,  serious clashes between the Armenians, Azerbaijan Turks and Georgians  in Caucasus. On these clashes, the worker class which supported  socialism had a significant impact. Hence, the Russian Tsar had  to announce Constitutionalism. England, who realized Russia was no  longer a threat, formed an Alliance with Russia against Germany, and  along with the French they joined World War I together. The heavy burden that the World War I brought increased the disorder  in Russia. The economic problems resulted in more polarized  political views and the movements by the people finally led to a riot  in which the Bolshevik and the Menshevik acted together. The events  that started in March 1917 continued until the abdication of Nikolai the  Second and the joining of the Petrograd Garrison to the Bolsheviks  as well as the confirmation of the Bolshevik Program by the Second  Soviet Congress on October 25th, 1917. One of the biggest enemies of the Ottoman Empire in World War  I was the Tsarate of Russia. Hence, the regime change resulted in one  less enemy for the Empire to fight with. However, it also brought some  additional problems with it. The extent of the refugees that came to  the Ottoman Empire attracted the attention of numerous scientists and  different academic studies have been performed on this issue. Some  examples include the works of B. Bakar, K. Acar and U. Karadogan. As is seen, the studies on this issue mostly focus on the Russian  Refugees who came to Istanbul. On the other hand, the refugee problem  is only one of the outcomes of the Bolshevik Revolution on the  Ottoman Empire. The scope of this study is the Ottoman-Russian relations  after the Bolshevik Revolution. This study will focus on two  aspects: 1) The views of the Ottoman Government and Ottoman Intellects on the developments in Russia during the era of uncertainty after  the Bolshevik Revolution, 2) the problems the Ottoman Empire faced  due to this revolution, among which the epidemics that occurred in  the eastern and western parts of the Empire, the assets that were sent  to Russia from the Port of Trabzon, the invasion of Russian currency  in the market, the defection of some Russian soldiers to the Ottoman  Empire, the antics that were smuggled to Russia, some events that happened  along the Ottoman-Russian border, and whether the refugees  would be given citizens of an enemy state status could be included.  This study will elucidate on how the Ottoman governors resolved these  problems. Doing so, the views of the Ottoman elites on the new regime  could be revealed. In this study, the main resources will be documents  from the Ottoman Archives.