以圖明志：清代女性題詠課子圖文本探析

Abstract

清人以課子圖宣揚母教（及父教）之風頗盛。其中表彰母德的課子圖，有為人子者親筆繪製或僱人代畫，以圖行孝者；亦有為人母者自畫丹青，夫子自道課教辛勞者。雖然清人繪畫課子圖蔚然成風，但傳世作品相當有限。幸而文人雅士題詠篇什俯拾即是，使後人得以透過有關文本推想原圖面貌。 本文梳理清代女性題詠課子圖文本，從而分析繪畫者如何以圖明志，及題畫人怎樣通過吟詠申述為母者心聲。清代知識女性熱衷著作，嘗試從不同文體建構定位，並為自身在男性主導的社會爭取話語權。課子圖題詠文本正是後人探索清代女性爭取歷史地位不可或缺的材料。  Kezi tu（課子圖）is a category of paintings that illustrates scences of parents giving lessons to their children in an artistic form. It became fashionable in China around the Qing period (1644-1912). There are mainly two types of kezi tu focusing on mothers. The first kind includes paintings drawn by sons or other artists on their behalf. Filial sons did so to honor their mothers. The second category of kezi tu includes paintings produced by the mothers themselves. Only limited works of both types survive until today. However, many inscriptions of individual artwork could be found in anthologies and collected works. Therefore, it is still possible for modern readers to imagine or reconstruct the original pictures basing on surviving texts. This article analyses women-authored inscriptions of kezi tu and studies how women demonstrated their agency and subjectivity via inscribing kezi tu paintings focusing on themselves or others. Qing women writers were known for their enthusiasm in producing writings of different genres, and channeling their voices in a male-oriented world. Inscribed texts on kezi tu is an invaluable source for us to explore how Qing women defended their say in history.