State policy in the field of the judiciary formation in Russia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century

Abstract

We study the mechanism of judiciary formation in Russia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. We consider the system of requirements for judges of crown and magistrates courts, their practical internship, as well as the procedures for selection and appointment to posts. Special attention is paid to the system of qualification, we consider the educational qualification, experience qualification, moral, property, age qualifications. We draw conclusion that the requirements for judges introduced in 1864 are consistent with the general principles of building the justice system in Russia in the post-reform period. On the other hand, we conclude that the judicial service has just begun to be separated from the general civil service, which has resulted in the extension to judges of individual claims of civil servants. On the basis of the normative legal acts of the second half of the 19th and early 20th century, as well as archival materials, we reconstruct the procedure of granting powers to magistrates and crown judges, and model the most typical judicial career. In general, we draw conclusion that the state policy is effective in the implementation of judicial statutes in the sphere of judiciary formation in Russia of the second half of the 19th – early 20th century.