Fundamentals and Sources of Magnetic Nanocomposites and Their Sorption Properties

Victor O. Shikuku, Chispin O Kowenje, W. N. Nyairo
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Abstract

Over the years, adsorption has been the most widely applied technique for pollutants remediation in conventional water and wastewater treatment regimes with commendable results. Consequently, multiple adsorbents have been synthesized, characterized and tested for various pollutants sequestration such as; heavy metals, dyes, pharmaceutically active ingredients, among others, in aqueous media. Unfortunately, most of the sorbents face many inherent limitations such as high production cost, difficult separation of adsorbent from solution, and complex synthesis processes. Therefore, an efficient adsorbent that would be sustainably adopted for industrial application in wastewater treatment requires, among other properties, a simple and efficient recovery step from a continuous flowing system. The regenerated adsorbent must also possess near original properties after several cycles of reuse thereby resulting to low capital investment. To address this challenge, studies conducted in the past few years incorporating magnetism in both natural and synthetic sorbents to improve their removal from water via magnetic separation have yielded stupendous results compared to conventional technologies. This chapter concisely discusses synthesis methods and adsorption capacities and mechanisms of selected magnetic nanocomposite adsorbents under diverse physicochemical conditions for removal of cations, dyes and organic pollutants from wastewater. Magnetic nanocomposites present eco-friendly properties and are potential alternatives for application in water purification processes subject to commercial viability evaluation before practical use.
磁性纳米复合材料的基本原理、来源及其吸附性能
多年来,吸附技术一直是常规水和废水处理系统中应用最广泛的污染物修复技术,并取得了良好的效果。因此,多种吸附剂已被合成,表征和测试各种污染物的隔离,如;含水介质中的重金属、染料、药物活性成分等。遗憾的是,大多数吸附剂都面临许多固有的局限性,如生产成本高、吸附剂与溶液分离困难、合成工艺复杂等。因此,一种高效的吸附剂,将可持续地用于工业废水处理,除其他特性外,还需要从连续流动系统中进行简单有效的回收步骤。再生吸附剂在多次循环使用后还必须具有接近原始性能,从而降低资本投资。为了应对这一挑战,与传统技术相比,过去几年进行的研究将磁性结合到天然和合成吸附剂中,以提高其通过磁分离从水中去除的效果,取得了惊人的成果。本章简要讨论了所选磁性纳米复合吸附剂在不同物理化学条件下对废水中阳离子、染料和有机污染物的吸附能力和机理。磁性纳米复合材料具有生态友好的特性,在实际使用前需要进行商业可行性评估,是水净化过程的潜在替代品。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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