M. Civelek, J. Polách, Ilona Švihlíková, Milan Paták
{"title":"International Differences in the Perceptions of Export Obstacles By SMEs in the Same Firm-Level Characteristics: Evidence from European Countries","authors":"M. Civelek, J. Polách, Ilona Švihlíková, Milan Paták","doi":"10.2478/foli-2022-0002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research background: Most of SMEs encounter many impediments when performing direct exporting activities. This is because various countries have different legislative and tax burdens and cultural-linguistic diversities that create export barriers for SMEs from other countries. Even SMEs that are the same size, age, from the same sector or legal form, their perceptions of export obstacles might differ depending on countries where they are located. Purpose: This research investigates the differences between the export obstacle perceptions of SMEs from different countries but with the same firm-level characteristics Research methodology: To achieve this aim, the researchers apply a random sampling method to determine the research sample. Moreover, the researchers created an online questionnaire to gather the research data. Finally, 408 SMEs from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary have been analyzed by performing a Kruskal-Wallis analyses with the Dunnett T3 Post Hoc Test to achieve the aims of the research. Results: The empirical results express the differences and the similarities between the perceptions of export obstacles by SMEs. While the perceptions of Czech-Hungarian and Slovak-Hungarian SMEs do not differ in any same firm-level characteristics, the differences exist between Czech and Slovak SMEs that are smaller in size, older and, that have limited liability and sector categories. Compare with their Czech counterparts in these categories, Slovak SMEs perceive export obstacles less intensively. The approaches of a government on SMEs and investment freedom in a nation and the exporting patterns of SMEs might be the reasons for these similarities and differences among SMEs in various countries which are in the same age, size, sector and legal form categories. Novelty: The significant results that this research proves in same firm-level characteristics and an international context makes this paper unique research in the literature. Therefore, policy makers, academicians, SMEs, and financing institutions might gain many benefits from the findings of this study.","PeriodicalId":314664,"journal":{"name":"Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2478/foli-2022-0002","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Abstract Research background: Most of SMEs encounter many impediments when performing direct exporting activities. This is because various countries have different legislative and tax burdens and cultural-linguistic diversities that create export barriers for SMEs from other countries. Even SMEs that are the same size, age, from the same sector or legal form, their perceptions of export obstacles might differ depending on countries where they are located. Purpose: This research investigates the differences between the export obstacle perceptions of SMEs from different countries but with the same firm-level characteristics Research methodology: To achieve this aim, the researchers apply a random sampling method to determine the research sample. Moreover, the researchers created an online questionnaire to gather the research data. Finally, 408 SMEs from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary have been analyzed by performing a Kruskal-Wallis analyses with the Dunnett T3 Post Hoc Test to achieve the aims of the research. Results: The empirical results express the differences and the similarities between the perceptions of export obstacles by SMEs. While the perceptions of Czech-Hungarian and Slovak-Hungarian SMEs do not differ in any same firm-level characteristics, the differences exist between Czech and Slovak SMEs that are smaller in size, older and, that have limited liability and sector categories. Compare with their Czech counterparts in these categories, Slovak SMEs perceive export obstacles less intensively. The approaches of a government on SMEs and investment freedom in a nation and the exporting patterns of SMEs might be the reasons for these similarities and differences among SMEs in various countries which are in the same age, size, sector and legal form categories. Novelty: The significant results that this research proves in same firm-level characteristics and an international context makes this paper unique research in the literature. Therefore, policy makers, academicians, SMEs, and financing institutions might gain many benefits from the findings of this study.
摘要研究背景:大多数中小企业在开展直接出口活动时遇到了许多障碍。这是因为不同的国家有不同的立法和税收负担以及文化和语言的多样性,这给来自其他国家的中小企业造成了出口障碍。即使是相同规模、年龄、来自相同部门或法律形式的中小企业,它们对出口障碍的看法也可能因所在国家的不同而有所不同。目的:本研究考察具有相同企业层面特征的不同国家中小企业出口障碍感知的差异。研究方法:为了达到这一目的,研究者采用随机抽样的方法来确定研究样本。此外,研究人员还制作了一份在线问卷来收集研究数据。最后,通过使用Dunnett T3 Post Hoc Test进行Kruskal-Wallis分析,对来自捷克共和国、斯洛伐克和匈牙利的408家中小企业进行了分析,以实现研究的目的。结果:实证结果显示了中小企业对出口障碍认知的异同。虽然捷克-匈牙利和斯洛伐克-匈牙利中小企业的看法在任何相同的公司一级特征上没有差别,但捷克和斯洛伐克中小企业之间存在着规模较小、历史较长、责任有限和部门类别有限的差异。与这些类别的捷克同行相比,斯洛伐克中小企业对出口障碍的感知程度较低。一个国家政府对待中小企业和投资自由的方式以及中小企业的出口模式可能是造成各国中小企业在相同的年龄、规模、行业和法律形式类别中存在这些异同的原因。新颖性:本研究在相同的企业层面特征和国际背景下所证明的显著结果,使本文的研究在文献中具有独特性。因此,政策制定者、学者、中小企业和金融机构可能会从本研究的结果中获益。