Corporate Social Reporting Practices In India

V. Srivastava, M. Mishra, Wogari Negari
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Abstract

"This paper aims to examine the extent of corporate social reporting practices in the annual reports of companies in India and to ascertain the differences if any, between public sector and private sector companies and to investigate what were the determinants of corporate social reporting . The study intends to answer the research questions which include: a) what variables could represent a Conceptual Model of Corporate Social Reporting consists of dependent variables and Independent variables? b) What are the factors of Corporate Social Reporting (COSOR) and how valid and reliable are these factors? c) What is the degree of COSOR by factors in public and private sector companies? d) What are the determinants of COSOR? What is the level of their influence on COSOR? A sample of 120 listed companies of National Stock Exchange of India was chosen and they were stratified in to public and private sector companies. A Corporate social reporting Index was constructed for data collection through content analysis from the annual reports. The results of the study revealed that social accounting information were disclosed in company’s annual reports, chairman’s speech, directors’ reports, notes to accounts, schedule to accounts and auditor’s report. The degree of corporate social reporting varies between public sector and private sector companies. The public sector companies have disclosed more corporate social reporting information than the private sector companies. The study found that higher the level of capital employed, earnings before depreciation and taxes, total assets and total sales higher was the level of corporate social reporting. However, the degree of influence of determinants on corporate social reporting was different among public and private sector companies. Most of the companies have disclosed corporate social information on voluntary basis. To improve the understandably, uniformity, and comparability of corporate social information, this study suggests making it mandatory. A standard format for disclosure of corporate social information shall be prescribed by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs by amending the Indian Companies Act. The concept of social accounting is relatively new in India. This study suggests to include it in the commerce curriculum and also in the curriculum of CA/CWA/CS. Corporate Social Reporting is such a vast area of research that no single study can cover different dimensions related to it. Though some studies including the present study have been conducted on Corporate Social Reporting Practices in India, but still there is much potential of research in this area. Future research in this area will hopefully bring more brightening result measuring and analysing social costs and benefits data by manager as well as by other concerned. Since the subject is in the primary stage, an in-depth research is needed to be done in different sectors such as banking information technology, manufacturing etc. The results are specifically applicable to sample companies and generalisations can be made with caution. The results of the study are based on the data collected from published annual reports of sample companies using content analysis method. Corporate social reporting in company websites, brochures etc are not covered. Social cost and benefit analysis is not covered in this study.
印度的企业社会报告实践
“本文旨在研究印度公司年度报告中企业社会报告实践的程度,并确定公共部门和私营部门公司之间的差异,并调查企业社会报告的决定因素是什么。本研究旨在回答以下研究问题:a)哪些变量可以代表由因变量和自变量组成的企业社会报告概念模型?b)企业社会报告(COSOR)的因素是什么?这些因素的有效性和可靠性如何?c)公营和私营公司按因素划分的COSOR程度如何?d) COSOR的决定因素是什么?他们对COSOR的影响程度如何?本文选取了印度国家证券交易所120家上市公司作为样本,将它们分为公共和私营部门公司。通过对年报内容的分析,构建企业社会报告指数,收集数据。研究结果表明,社会会计信息主要在公司年报、董事长讲话、董事报告、会计附注、会计明细表和审计报告中披露。企业社会报告的程度在公共部门和私营部门公司之间有所不同。公共企业比民间企业披露了更多的企业社会报告信息。研究发现,资本使用水平越高,折旧及税前利润、总资产和总销售额越高,企业社会报告的水平越高。然而,决定因素对企业社会报告的影响程度在公共部门和私营部门公司之间是不同的。大多数公司都是自愿披露企业社会信息的。为了提高企业社会信息的可理解性、统一性和可比性,本研究建议实行强制性。公司事务部应通过修订《印度公司法》规定披露公司社会信息的标准格式。社会核算的概念在印度相对较新。本研究建议将其纳入商科课程以及CA/CWA/CS课程。企业社会报告是一个非常广泛的研究领域,没有一项研究可以涵盖与之相关的不同维度。虽然包括本研究在内的一些研究已经在印度进行了企业社会报告实践,但这一领域的研究仍有很大的潜力。未来在这一领域的研究将有望带来更光明的结果测量和分析社会成本和效益数据的管理者和其他有关人员。由于本课题处于初级阶段,需要在银行、信息技术、制造业等不同领域进行深入研究。结果特别适用于样本公司,可以谨慎地进行概括。研究结果是基于样本公司发表的年度报告中收集的数据,使用内容分析法。公司网站、宣传册等的企业社会报告不包括在内。本研究不包括社会成本和效益分析。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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