Evaluation of Prevalence of Hypodontia Based on Sex, Dental and Skeletal Relationship in Patients Admitted to Ahvaz Dental School

Abstract

Introduction: Hypodontia is the most prevalent dental anomaly that might cause clinical complications. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of hypodontia in relation with sex in permanent teeth, skeletal malocclusion and dental crowding among orthodontic patients admitted to Ahvaz Dental School. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, dental casts, panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms related to patients that were admitted to Department of Orthodontics of Ahvaz Dental School during 2018-2019 were investigated, to establish the existence of hypodontia, type of skeletal relationship, age, sex and dental crowding in the permanent dentition. The data were analyzed using a chi-square test in IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25 with statistical significance set at p value < 0.05. Results: Among 331 patients which were included 257 females (77.65%) and 74 males, prevalence of hypodontia was 9.4% (31 patients, 10.5% in females, 5.5% in males). The difference between the genders in term of hypodontia was not significant (p value = 0.257). This condition was existed from the dental and skeletal relationship point of view: hypodontia was observed in 19 patients (61.4%) with class Ⅰ relationship, 9 patients (29%) with skeletal class Ⅱ and 3 patients (9.6%) with skeletal class skeletal class ⅠⅠⅠ relationship. The difference between skeletal relationship and hypodontia was not significant (p value = 0.370). Dental crowding was observed in 24 patients (77.4%). There was not significant difference between dental crowding and hypodontia (p value = 0.276). Conclusion: Hypodontia was more prevalent in females but there was no significant difference between the prevalence of hypodontia in males and females. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of hypodontia in Iran similar to current study.