BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ONION ON SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS OF RATS

Abstract

The objective of the present research was to study chemical composition, phenolic compounds and flavonoids of onion. Onion contained total carbohydrates 70.7%, crude protein 7.35 %, total lipids 1.43%, total ash 2.91% fibers 7.91 % and moisture 9.7% based the dry sample. Total phenols in onion bulbs was 35.23 mg /100g., while the total flavonoids was 23.18 mg/100g. HPLC results showed that onion contained 17 phenolic compounds. There were a high percentage of (benzoic acid 905 mg/kg), caticol (649 mg/kg), risvertol (425 mg/kg), perogalol (157 mg/kg) and naringinin (96 mg/kg). that help to improve some blood parameters such as liver function enzymes, kidneys function, lipids and glucose levels. Onion powder as well as ethanolic and water extracts of onion bulbs were prepared which used in the present treatments. Blood parameters of rats were tested using the methods of A.O.A.C.; (2005). Onion powder used as a treatment with concentration of 2 g% and 4 g% of diet. The ethanolic extract of onion used as a treatment with concentration of 1 g/L and 2 g/L. While water extract used as a treatment with concentration of 1 g/L and 2 g/L for hyperlipidemic rats. Blood parameters of rats were tested after the treatments. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS (Software version no. 20). Differences between extracts were tested. The best results were obtained by comparisons of the results shown. Treatments with onion powder and its extracts were beneficial to control the hyperlipidemia, and improved the levels of some blood parameters of rats such as, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, TG, ALT, AST, creatinine, urea, uric acid, blood glucose.