Determinants of Chronic Kidney Disease among Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Gatundu Level 5 Hospital, Kiambu County, Kenya

Abstract

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising alarmingly throughout the world, and it is one of the major public health menace due to the significant morbidity and mortality it is associated with. The burden of CKD inexplicably affects low-income nations like Kenya, where the two main public health concerns for the CKD growth rate are hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of chronic kidney disease diabetes mellitus patients and also assess their awareness, perspectives and prevalence of CKD. A hospital based cross-sectional study design was conducted at a rural hospital in central Kenya among adult (≥18 years) diabetes mellitus patients. Sample size was determined using Yamane Taro formula. Informed written consent was obtained from each participant and data was collected by interview and chart review; Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated from serum creatinine using modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula, while CKD was defined as eGFR of less than 60mls/min/1.73m2 for more than three months. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent determinants of CKD and a p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Majority of the participants (43.42%) were aged between50-60 years and 95 (62.5%) of them were females. Participants with history of high blood pressure had a 129.4 %(AOR;1.29495% CI, 2.401-.698) risk of having CKD, while those who did not perform physical exercises were found to be 123.3% (AOR 1.233, 95% CL,1.889-.805) times more likely to have CKD Only 39 (25.8%) of the participants had average awareness about CKD and its risk factors. The overall unadjusted prevalence of CKD among diabetic patients was 78.2% (n= 119, 95% CI). The researcher found that existing history of hypertension, lack of physical exercises, family history of kidney disease, rural residency and low levels of education were independent determinants associated ......