Impact of Some Organic Manure with Chemical Fertilizers on Growth, Yield of Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.) Grown in Newly Cultivated Land

Abstract

The possibility of improving growth and yield of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) plants grown in newly cultivated land was conducted during the two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019. For achieving this aim, broad bean plants were fertilized with different rates of organic fertilizers (poultry or farmyard manures) and minerals (NPK). Different growth parameters, chemical constituent and yield were determined in this study. The results indicated that organic fertilized plants achieved higher values of different growth parameters (plant height, number of branches, plant leaf lets blade area and dry weight / plant) and yield and its components (number of pods / plant, no of seeds / pod, weight of seeds / pod, weight of 100 seeds and weight of seeds / plant). The best results were obtained when the plants were fertilized with high rate of poultry manure (8 tons) and NPK fertilizers (50 kg ammonium nitrate 33.5% + 200 kg superphosphate 15.5% + 50 kg potassium Sulphate 48%). The present results also show that the concentration of chlorophyll. A, b, carotenoids, crude proteins, total free amino acids, total carbohydrates, total sugars, reducing sugars an non soluble carbohydrates recorded the higher values in both leaves and seeds of those plants fertilized with either poultry or farmyard manures when compared with those fertilized with NPK. The present study clearly shows that the best effect was recorded by supplying the plants with poultry manure(8 tons + NPK nutrients (50 kg ammonium nitrate 33.5% + 200 kg superphosphate 15.5% + 50 kg potassium Sulphate 48%) . Introduction Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) is a famous winter leguminous crops in Iraq. It is considered as a good source of vegetarian protein for human consumption, and it is cultivated in crop rotations to improve soil properties [1]. Application of chemical and organic fertilizers is an essential process in plant management. Adequate fertilizers led to increase the crop yields, improves the nutrient element concentration in plant tissue and soil macro and micro nutrient status. Chemical fertilizers are expensive and have harmful effects on the environment [2], therefore recommended the addition of organic matter (animals manure) as an alternative to chemical fertilizers [3]. The addition of organic fertilizers efficiently ensures high production and continuous crops by improving soil properties and increase roots development and soil microorganism's activity [4&5]. Some researchers reported that application of organic manure (poultry or farmyard manure) increased pod yield, N, P, Ca, Ma, Zn and Cu concentration and their uptake plants [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14&15]. Because of the importance effect of fertilizer types, especially organic fertilizers in influencing the quantity and quality of yield as well as external and physiological aspects of plant growth, this study was carried out to compare the effect of some organic fertilizers (poultry or farmyard manure) in combination with chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and chemical constituents of broad bean plants grown in the newly reclaimed soil. Materials and Methods The field experiment was carried out in a calcareous soil in the Farm in Demo, Fayoum, Governorate during two successive seasons 2017 / 2018 and 2018 / 2019. Soil properties of the experimental soil and chemical analysis of the studied organic fertilizers are shown in Table 1. Sustainable Food Production Submitted: 2019-04-30 ISSN: 2624-876X, Vol. 9, pp 23-36 Revised: 2020-06-25 doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/SFP.9.23 Accepted: 2020-07-01 CC BY 4.0. Published by SciPress Ltd, Switzerland, 2020 Online: 2020-11-16 This paper is an open access paper published under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) Two types of organic fertilizers i.e., poultry manure and farmyard manure were used at the rates of 4 and 8 tons / fed and added as pre-sowing application. The amount of mineral fertilizers were used at the rates of 0, 50 and 100 % from N, P, K from the rate recommended by the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture (0.0, 25 and 50 kg / fed. of ammonium nitrate 33.5% N, 0.0, 100 and 200 kg / fed. calcium superphosphate 15.5 % P2O5 and 0.0, 25 and 50 kg / fed. potassium sulphate 48 % K2O for broad bean plants respectively. Table 1. The chemical properties of experimental soil and organic fertilizers Analysis Soil Poultry Farmyard PH Organic matter % Total nitrogen % Calcium carbonate % EC, mmohs / cm P % K% Fe ppm Mn ppm Zn ppm Cu ppm 7.86 0.63 0.36 12.01 4.55 0.040 0.063 4.36 2.20 0.31 1.20 7.30 28.11 1.51 5.80 7.10 0.16 0.86 8430.81 200.10 777.95 42.90 8.15 17.10 0.92 6.00 1.90 0.26 1.0