What Sociology Have to Say about Monasticism

Ksenia Medvedeva
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Abstract

The review analyses the international conference “Christian Monasticism from East to West: Monastic Traditions and Modernity in Europe”, organized in June 2015 by sociologists and theologians from the Universities of Graz (Austria), Turin (Italy), and Bucharest (Romania). The conference initiated a sociological reflection of different monastic traditions, and the role of monasteries in terms of the decline of trust in religious institutions. It raised the question of the dynamics of monasticism as a traditional institution in modern societies, not only in Europe, but also in Asia, Africa, and America. The scholarly discussion paid particular attention to the adaptation and resistance of religious traditions to social changes. Researchers from different countries have demonstrated the innovative potential of monasticism in the economic sphere (monasteries from different countries are pioneers in the development of the sector of organic products), the cultural sphere (the development of tourism and excursion services), and the religious sphere (the emergence of so-called “new religious communities”). Alongside traditional roles, monasteries have acquired new social roles. The secularization of the concept of “monasticism”, and its use in relation to the phenomenon of “consuming the tradition” apart from a religious context is stressed. The conference continued to develop the theme of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of religion. The position of a researcher and his or her professional identity, the issues of objectivity, and the idealization of the research subject are analyzed.
社会学对修道主义的看法
该评论分析了2015年6月由格拉茨(奥地利)、都灵(意大利)和布加勒斯特(罗马尼亚)大学的社会学家和神学家组织的国际会议“从东方到西方的基督教修道主义:欧洲的修道传统和现代性”。这次会议引发了对不同修道院传统的社会学反思,以及修道院在宗教机构信任度下降方面的作用。它提出了修道作为现代社会传统制度的动态问题,不仅在欧洲,而且在亚洲,非洲和美洲。学术讨论特别关注宗教传统对社会变化的适应和抵抗。来自不同国家的研究人员已经证明了修道院制度在经济领域(来自不同国家的修道院是有机产品部门发展的先驱)、文化领域(旅游和游览服务的发展)和宗教领域(所谓的“新宗教社区”的出现)的创新潜力。除了传统的角色,寺院也获得了新的社会角色。强调了“修道”概念的世俗化,以及它在宗教背景之外的“消费传统”现象中的使用。会议继续以跨学科方法研究宗教为主题。研究人员的位置和他或她的职业身份,客观性的问题,以及理想化的研究对象进行了分析。
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