Kaombo Field Thermal Performance Test; A New Reference

J. Rolland, Xavier Henneuse, Benoit Balagué, M. Jackson
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Abstract

The FPSO Kaombo Norte came on stream on July 27 2018, offshore Angola. When both its FPSOs will be at plateau, the biggest deep offshore project in Angola will account for 10% of the country's production. Kaombo reserves are spread over an 800-square-kilometer area. The development stands out for its subsea network size with more than 270 kilometers of pipeline on the seabed between 1500-2000 m water depth, including subsea production wells more than 25 km away from the production facility. Producing complex fluids within such a challenging environment required demanding thermal performance of the overall subsea asset with both the problematics of steady-state arrival temperature and cooldown. To do so, the transient thermal signature of every subsea component has been evaluated and correlated into a dynamic flow simulation to verify the integrity and therefore, safety of the system. A unique design of subsea equipment aims to cover a large range of reservoir conditions. In order to tackle both risks of wax deposit during production and hydrates plug during restart, the whole system was designed to have a very low U-value and stringent cooldown requirements. A dedicated focus on having an extremely low U-value for the Pipe-in-Pipe (PiP) system enables to improve the global thermal performance. The accurate thermal performance predictions from computer modelling were firstly validated during the engineering phase with a full scale test. Eventually an in-situ thermal test was performed a few days before the first-oil to assess the as-built performance of the full subsea network. A well prepared procedure allowed to characterize precisely the subsea system U-value in addition to evaluate the cooldown time of critical components, after installation. The error band was properly assessed to take into account the difficulties of performing such remote measurements from an FPSO. The different elements of the qualification procedure were successful, validating the demanding thermal requirement of the subsea system. The validation of the thermal performance of the flowline was fully achieved. Detailed analysis of the test results was performed in order to define precisely the U-value in operations. The as-built performance verification, including all elements of the complex subsea network, allowed to validate the optimized operating envelopes of the production system. A detailed qualification process was conducted in order to fulfill one of the most challenging thermal requirements for a subsea development. Thanks to the precise prediction of the flowline insulation performance, the different reservoir conditions are safely handled. The operating envelope of the production system is finally optimized with the confidence from as-built performances confirmation.
康波现场热性能测试;新的参考文献
FPSO Kaombo Norte于2018年7月27日在安哥拉近海投产。当两艘fpso都处于稳定状态时,安哥拉最大的深海项目将占该国产量的10%。Kaombo保护区分布在800平方公里的区域。该开发项目以其海底网络规模而引人注目,在1500-2000米水深的海底拥有超过270公里的管道,包括距离生产设施超过25公里的海底生产井。在如此具有挑战性的环境中生产复杂的流体对整个海底资产的热性能要求很高,同时存在稳态到达温度和冷却的问题。为此,每个海底组件的瞬态热特征都被评估并关联到动态流动模拟中,以验证系统的完整性和安全性。独特的水下设备设计旨在覆盖大范围的油藏条件。为了解决生产过程中蜡沉积和重新启动时水合物堵塞的风险,整个系统被设计成具有非常低的u值和严格的冷却要求。专注于为管中管(PiP)系统提供极低的u值,可以改善整体热性能。计算机模拟的准确热性能预测首先在工程阶段通过全尺寸测试进行了验证。最终,在第一次采油前几天进行了现场热测试,以评估整个海底网络的建成性能。除了评估安装后关键部件的冷却时间外,精心准备的程序还可以精确表征海底系统的u值。考虑到在FPSO上进行这种远程测量的困难,对误差范围进行了适当的评估。验证过程的不同要素都是成功的,验证了海底系统苛刻的热要求。对该管线的热性能进行了全面验证。对试验结果进行了详细的分析,以便准确地确定操作中的u值。建成后的性能验证,包括复杂海底网络的所有元素,可以验证生产系统的优化操作包线。为了满足海底开发中最具挑战性的热要求之一,进行了详细的认证过程。由于能够准确预测管线的保温性能,因此可以安全地处理不同的储层条件。生产系统的操作包线最终通过竣工性能确认得到优化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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