Visualization of Retinal Anatomical Structure Using Computer-Generated Holography

Abstract

This study attempts to visualize the whole retina and its anatomical structures using only a single hologram giving the ophthalmologist an opportunity to examine it. Since all fundus cameras capture images for only a portion of the retina, retinal image registration was first applied to the captured images of the same eye to obtain a mosaic containing the complete map of the retina, allowing proper diagnosis. Then, accurate morphological detection of the main anatomical structures of the retina including blood vessels, macula and optic disc which are extremely important signs for estimating retinal disorders were extracted and/or highlighted on the mosaic. Subsequently, computer-generated holograms (GHs) of the mosaic, blood vessels, macula and optic disc were calculated using an adapted iterative approach based on the well-known Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm. The resulting CGHs were then holographically projected using a reflective phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM). In conclusion, the integration of CGH with fundus photography can be a valuable and crucial diagnostic tool for retinal disorders and can make significant contributions in the field of ophthalmology.