Contemporary Use of Intracoronary Imaging in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Abstract

Since the first balloon angioplasty in 1977, remarkable advances in catheter-based technology have been achieved with the use of stents and intracoronary devices. However, despite these developments, visual assessment of a 2-dimensional lumenogram of the coronary vessels remains the predominant method of assessing coronary disease and guiding angioplasty worldwide. It is an enigma that there is still such a low uptake in the use of intravascular imaging, whether in the form of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or optical coherence tomography (OCT), with both techniques providing cross-sectional imaging of the coronary vessels with a resolution at the microscopic scale. The intracoronary imaging community tends to focus on the academic aspects of IVUS and OCT, often highlighting the evidence-based benefits in lesion subsets, such as left main stem or bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention. However, this does not impart crucial practical-related aspects pertaining to IVUS or OCT, which can improve outcomes and achieve optimal results for operators and patients. Here, the authors present a case-based approach to IVUS and OCT use in contemporary clinical practice, with the hope of providing useful, practical insights for the busy interventionalist and prompting the consideration of intracoronary imaging catheters as an essential part of their percutaneous coronary intervention toolbox.