CULTURAL STEREOTYPES IN THE ETHICS OF THE STOICS AND SPINOZA

Abstract

Starting from antiquity, European ethics formed some stable stereotypes in describing the collisions of the rational and sensory components of moral life, where value priorities were given to the rational principles of a person's moral life, which were opposed by the sensory-emotional, affective sphere of mental life. In this regard, aspecial signifi-canceacquiresa cultural stereotype associated with the interpretation of the concept of nature. His assessment is based on the opposition of the concepts natural / artificial, spontaneous / rational, involuntary / intentional. One of the most important resources of the European cultural tradition is the history of philosophical ideas, many of which have acquired a paradigmatic status and have become common European cultural values. It will be about the interpretation of the nature of passions in ancient Stoicism and the philosophical system of Spinoza. The phenomenon of passion is considered in the following aspects: passion as a disease of the soul, passion as excessive striving, passions as special physical states of mental substance, passion as a false judgment, passion as a phenomenon of metaphysical discrimination.