Cross-cultural design of facial expressions for humanoid robots

Abstract

research, the authors surveyed emotional impressions of simplified face. Elements of the simplified face are two eyes and a mouth, which are transformed to make facial expressions geometrically. The facial expression patterns made by the geometric elements and transformations were composed employing three dimensions of visual information that had been suggested by many previous researches, slantedness of the mouth, openness of the face, and slantedness of the eyes. The authors found that facial expressions can be classified into 10 emotions: happy, angry, sad, disgust, fear, surprised, angry*, fear*, neutral (positive), and neutral (negative). These emotions were portrayed by different geometric transformations.