Evaluation of some phenological and quality parameters of Dianthus barbatus under the application of different levels of manure and chemical fertilizers

محمدکاظم سوری, میترا تقی پور, قاسم توحیدلو
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Abstract

Nowadays, knowing that chemical fertilizers have distinct pollution effects on environmental quality parameters, the organic fertilizers represent a suitable and safe alternative, at least for landscape applications. However, the response of many ornamental and landscape plants, including Sweet William, to different chemical and organic fertilizers are not well known. Thus, this factorial experiment was conducted as a pot experiment, based on completely randomized design with three replications, to investigate the yield and quality responses of Dianthus barbatus to different levels of organic manure (0, 20 and 40% V/V) and NPK fertilizer (0, 1, 2 and 4 g/kg soil) under greenhouse conditions. Results of the experiment showed that application of 20% animal manure and low rate of NPK, compared to no manure or 40% manure, improved plant growth and quality (number of leaves, plant height, number of lateral shoots and number of flowers per plant). High levels of organic manure (40% V/V), as well as high levels of NPK (2 and 4 g/kg soil), separately or combined together, resulted in reduction of plant growth, and significant increase in germination, stemming and flowering times. Despite low germination rate and less plant growth in 40% animal manure treatment, both levels of animal manure resulted in increasing the number of flowers per plant, flowering period and vase life of the cut flowers. Therefore, according to the results of this experiment, as well as the importance of environmental health issues, medium level of animal manure and zero or low levels of NPK is suggested for optimum quantitative and qualitative production of Dianthus barbatus.
不同有机肥和化肥施用对石竹物候和品质参数的影响
如今,由于化学肥料对环境质量参数有明显的污染影响,有机肥是一种合适且安全的替代品,至少对于景观应用来说是这样。然而,许多观赏和景观植物,包括甜威廉,对不同的化学和有机肥料的反应尚不清楚。因此,本试验采用盆栽试验,采用完全随机设计,3个重复,研究温室条件下不同有机肥水平(0、20和40% V/V)和氮磷钾水平(0、1、2和4 g/kg土壤)对石竹产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明,与不施肥或不施肥40%相比,施用20%动物粪便和低氮磷钾量能改善植株生长和品质(叶片数、株高、侧芽数和单株花数)。高水平的有机肥(40% V/V)和高水平的氮磷钾(2和4 g/kg土壤),单独或联合施用,导致植物生长减少,萌发、茎干和开花时间显著增加。尽管40%的动物粪便处理的发芽率较低,植物生长较慢,但两种水平的动物粪便处理均增加了切花的单株花数,花期和花瓶寿命。因此,根据本试验结果,以及环境卫生问题的重要性,建议在中等水平的动物粪便和零或低水平的氮磷钾水平下进行石竹的定量和定性生产。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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