Optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMU) using a novel method based on observability gramian and full observability rank

Abstract

This paper proposes a new methodology based on observability gramian for optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) to achieve full observability of power system. This would enable better state measurement and state estimation of large scale power systems. An application to Nine-bus system and Two-area system proves that the proposed architecture is unique and provides better results compared to the existing method for PMU placements. This energy function approach based on observability gramian is simple in structure but perform better than existing methods for the PMU placements. The results illustrates that this method is scalable and the architecture can be implemented in modern power grid.