Adaptation of the Test of Playfulness for Iranian Children (3-6 Years): Face and Content Validity of the Persian Version

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The term “playfulness” is a new word in Persian and one of the intervention areas in pediatric occupational therapy/psychology. The aim of this study was to investigate the face and content validity of the Persian version of the test of playfulness (ToP) and its adaptation to the population of Iranian children aged 3 to 6 years. Methods: First, the ToP was translated according to the standard forward-backward (IQOLA) methodology. The face validity was qualitatively evaluated by five and content validity was qualitatively-quantitatively examined by ten occupational therapy experts specialized in rehabilitation of children’s play. The content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI), and modified kappa statistic were calculated. Results: The face validity investigation of the Persian version of ToP led to changes in four items and the title of the intensity scale. The CVR for the 21 ToP items ranged from 0.8-1, indicating the necessity of all items. Also, the CVI was in the range of 0.85-1, which indicates the suitability of all items. The Scale-CVI/Ave quality and relevance were 0.93 and 0.95, respectively, and the Scale-CVI/UA quality and relevance were 0.43 and 0.95, respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, no items were deleted or added in translation during the cultural adaptation process of the ToP. The experts confirmed that all items measure the construct of playfulness and that the items and instructions in the Persian version of ToP have good face validity and high content validity; therefore, the other dimensions of psychometrics can be examined in future studies.