Indonesia Fire Danger Rating System (Ina-FDRS), a New Algorithm for the Fire Prevention in Indonesia

Abstract

A system named Fire Danger Rating System is a tool using for early warning system of forest fires. Since 1999 Indonesia has this system, adapted from Canadian Forest Service (CFS), and developed by BPPT cooperation with BMG (now is BMKG), and Departemen Kehutanan (KLHK). The main scientific based of this FDRS is meteorology, where it used total precipitation in a day, and noon condition of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The final result is the Fire Weather Index where we may see the four classes of fire danger rating in two-dimension map. The improvement on this weather component is the use of satellite data to replace some parameter of weather from Automatic Weather Station data. In recent condition, not only weather condition as the primary parameter, but also the human-caused factor, and fuels condition analysis were putting as the same level of weather. Human activities are the main factor of the occurrence of forest fires, that is why the forest, plantation, and horticulture-agriculture land are the main land use that we pay attention more, and it’s related to the people who live on small cities or districts in that areas. The condition of peatland we analyzed is the thickness of the peat and the land cover on the surface. The position of water body also we calculated to see the distance of the source of water for wetting the land. Using Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation is the right way to get some scenarios to have the final composite risk map. Grouping and standardizing the spatial factors based on human-caused and fuels we may know the effect of that component to the final composite map of the Advanced-FDRS. Ina-FDRS is the biggest scenario that includes Natural Resources Accounting as one of the main components, instead of climate, human-caused, and fuels. So, this Advanced-FDRS is the main part of Ina-FDRS (Indonesia Fire Danger Rating System) that ongoing develop by BPPT and the stakeholders for early warning land and forest fire in peatland in Indonesia.