Income Distribution, Market Size, and Industrialization

Kevin M. Murphy, Andrei Shleifer, Robert W. Vishny
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引用次数: 727

Abstract

When world trade is not free and costless, a less developed country can profitably industrialize only if its domestic markets are large enough. In such a country, for increasing returns technologies to break even, sales must be high enough to cover the set-up costs, This paper studies some determinants of the size of the domestic market, and focuses on two conditions conducive to industrialization. First, agriculture or exports must provide the source of autonomous demand for manufactures. Such expansion of autonomous demand usually results from increases in farm productivity or from opening of new export markets. Second, income generated in agriculture or exports must be broadly enough distributed that it materializes as demand for mass-produced domestic goods, and not just for luxuries. We resort to these two determinants of the size of domestic markets to interpret several historical development episodes.
收入分配、市场规模与工业化
当世界贸易不是自由和无成本的时候,一个欠发达国家只有在其国内市场足够大的情况下才能实现有利可图的工业化。在这样一个国家,为了增加技术的回报以达到盈亏平衡,销售额必须足够高,以覆盖建立成本。本文研究了国内市场规模的一些决定因素,并重点研究了有利于工业化的两个条件。首先,农业或出口必须为制造业提供自主需求的来源。这种自主需求的扩大通常源于农业生产率的提高或新出口市场的开放。其次,农业或出口产生的收入必须足够广泛地分配,使其成为对大量生产的国内商品的需求,而不仅仅是对奢侈品的需求。我们借助国内市场规模的这两个决定因素来解释几个历史发展事件。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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