The Impact of the Sharing Economy on the Hotel Industry: Evidence from Airbnb's Entry Into the Texas Market

G. Zervas, Davide Proserpio, J. Byers
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引用次数: 33

Abstract

Spurred by technological advancement, a number of decentralized peer-to-peer markets, now colloquially known as the sharing economy, have emerged as alternative suppliers of goods and services traditionally provided by long-established industries. A central question surrounding the sharing economy regards its long-term impact: will peer-to-peer platforms materialize as viable mainstream alternatives to traditional providers, or will they languish as niche markets? In this paper, we study Airbnb, a sharing economy pioneer offering short-term accommodation. Combining data from Airbnb and the Texas hotel industry, we estimate the impact of Airbnb's entry into the Texas market on hotel room revenue, and study the market response of hotels. To identify Airbnb's causal impact on hotel room revenue, we use a difference-in-differences empirical strategy that exploits the significant spatiotemporal variation in the patterns of Airbnb adoption across citylevel markets. We estimate that each 10% increase in Airbnb supply results in a 0:37% decrease in monthly hotel room revenue. In Austin, where Airbnb supply is highest, the impact on hotel revenue exceeds 10%. We find that Airbnb's impact is non-uniformly distributed, with lower-priced hotels, and hotels not catering to business travel being the most affected segments. Finally, we find that affected hotels have responded by reducing prices, an impact that benefits all consumers, not just participants in the sharing economy. Our work provides empirical evidence that the sharing economy is making inroads by successfully competing with, and acquiring market share from, incumbent firms.
共享经济对酒店业的影响:来自Airbnb进入德克萨斯州市场的证据
在技术进步的推动下,许多分散的点对点市场(现在俗称共享经济)已经出现,成为传统上由老牌行业提供的商品和服务的替代供应商。围绕共享经济的一个核心问题是它的长期影响:点对点平台是否会成为传统供应商的可行主流替代品,还是会成为利基市场?在本文中,我们研究Airbnb,一个提供短期住宿的共享经济先驱。结合Airbnb和德克萨斯州酒店业的数据,我们估计Airbnb进入德克萨斯州市场对酒店客房收入的影响,并研究酒店的市场反应。为了确定Airbnb对酒店客房收入的因果影响,我们使用了差异中的差异实证策略,该策略利用了城市层面市场中Airbnb采用模式的显著时空变化。我们估计,Airbnb的供应量每增加10%,就会导致每月酒店客房收入减少0.37%。在Airbnb供应量最高的奥斯汀,Airbnb对酒店收入的影响超过了10%。我们发现Airbnb的影响是不均匀分布的,价格较低的酒店和不迎合商务旅行的酒店是受影响最大的部分。最后,我们发现受影响的酒店通过降低价格来应对,这种影响使所有消费者受益,而不仅仅是共享经济的参与者。我们的研究提供了经验证据,表明共享经济正在通过成功地与现有企业竞争并从它们那里获得市场份额而取得进展。
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