{"title":"8. Filling the gaps","authors":"T. Arvind","doi":"10.1093/HE/9780198829263.003.0008","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on contracts which leave some issues unaddressed and the law of implied terms used by the courts to deal with such situations. It first explains the nature of implied terms and the process of implication that requires the court to strike a difficult balance, along with the tests for implication. It then considers terms implied in law, paying attention to implication by statute and at common law, before discussing terms implied in fact. More specifically, it explores the test of business efficacy, obviousness, and the officious bystander, and the approach used based on Lord Hoffmann’s judgment in the Privy Council in Attorney General of Belize v Belize Telecom. The chapter also analyses implication by custom, along with good faith and cooperation as requirements for parties to a contract.","PeriodicalId":207231,"journal":{"name":"Contract Law","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Contract Law","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HE/9780198829263.003.0008","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This chapter focuses on contracts which leave some issues unaddressed and the law of implied terms used by the courts to deal with such situations. It first explains the nature of implied terms and the process of implication that requires the court to strike a difficult balance, along with the tests for implication. It then considers terms implied in law, paying attention to implication by statute and at common law, before discussing terms implied in fact. More specifically, it explores the test of business efficacy, obviousness, and the officious bystander, and the approach used based on Lord Hoffmann’s judgment in the Privy Council in Attorney General of Belize v Belize Telecom. The chapter also analyses implication by custom, along with good faith and cooperation as requirements for parties to a contract.
本章主要讨论合同中未解决的一些问题,以及法院在处理此类情况时所使用的默示条款法。本文首先解释了默示条款的性质和需要法院取得艰难平衡的默示过程,以及默示的检验。然后,在讨论事实默示条款之前,先考虑法律默示条款,注意成文法和普通法的默示条款。更具体地说,它探讨了商业有效性、显而易见性和多管闲事的旁观者的测试,以及基于Lord Hoffmann在伯利兹总检察长诉伯利兹电信(Belize Attorney General of Belize Telecom)枢密院判决中使用的方法。本章还分析了习惯含义,以及诚信和合作作为合同当事人的要求。