Electronics Epidermal Tattoo – An overview

Abstract

The use of pliable and stretchable biomedical wearable devices has made long-term monitoring of skin sensations during natural body movements possible, leading to early diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. In this proposal, a brief introduction to skin-integrated biomedical electronics will be presented. These devices, also referred to as "skin-like electronics," "epidermal electronics," or "electronic tattoos," are discussed with regard to their material properties, integration methods, and potential applications. The proposal aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic to better understand the technology's potential.By using wearable biomedical devices that are pliable and stretchable, it is possible to monitor skin sensations during natural body movements over a prolonged period, enabling the early detection and treatment of various diseases. The technology behind these devices, known as skin-integrated biomedical electronics, has been dubbed with several names such as "skin-like electronics," "epidermal electronics," or "electronic tattoos." These devices are discussed in terms of their material properties, integration methods, and potential applications in this proposal. The proposal's primary objective is to provide an overview of this technology to better comprehend its potential impact.Epidermal sensors, which are becoming increasingly popular due to their slimness and delicacy, are a type of electronic device that conforms to the skin's epidermis to perform various functions. To ensure both conformal contact and user comfort, these devices should have mechanical properties similar to those of the skin's epidermis layer. Our research introduces a new type of sensor made from graphene that can work in multiple modes. It is created using a cost and time-effective "wet transfer, dry processing" method that maintains a relationship between the graphene electronic tattoo (GET) and skin interface impedance similar to that of medically-used Ag/AgCl gel electrodes. GET can be placed directly on human skin like a temporary tattoo, and its open loop configuration allows it to remain attached to the skin layer for several minutes without breaking or delaminating. An electronic epidermal tattoo made from graphene can be used to examine ECG, EMG, EEG, and skin hydration modes.