Divide by Two Injection-Locked Frequency Divider Using 3-D Inductive Mutual-Coupling

Abstract

The article designs a high-performance wide-band injection locked frequency divider by 2 (ILFD ÷2) from tsmc 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The ILFD proposes 3-D transformer-coupled resonator with two resonant frequencies. The ILFD can operate in three modes with overlapped locking ranges. The optimal bias condition yields wide locking range during low power with high figure of merit. The locking range is 3.3 GHz at 1.83 mW from 2.3 to 5.6 GHz.