Parallelism, persistence and meta-cleanliness in the symmetric Lisp interpreter

Abstract

Symmetric Lisp is a programming language designed around first-class environments, where an environment is a dictionary that associates names with definitions or values. In this paper we describe the logical structure of the Symmetric Lisp interpreter. In other interpreted languages, the interpreter is a virtual machine that evaluates user input on the basis of its own internal state. The Symmetric Lisp interpreter, on the other hand, is a simple finite-state machine with no internal state. Its role is to attach user input to whatever environment the user has specified; such environments are transparent objects created by, maintained by and fully accessible to the user. The interpreter's semantics are secondary to the semantics of environments in Symmetric Lisp: it is the environment-object to which an expression is attached, not the interpreter, that controls the evaluation of expressions.This arrangement has several consequences. Because environments in Symmetric Lisp are governed by a parallel evaluation rule, the Symmetric Lisp interpreter is a parallel interpreter. A Symmetric Lisp environment evaluates to another environment; a session with the interpreter therefore yields a well-defined environment object as its result. Users are free to write routines that manage these interpreter-created objects - routines that list the elements of a namespace, coalesce environments, maintain multiple name definitions and so on precisely because environment objects may be freely inspected and manipulated. Because a named environment may contain other named environments as elements, interpreter-created objects may be regarded as hierarchical file systems. Because of the parallel evaluation semantics of environments, the interpreter is well-suited as an interface to a concurrent, language-based computer system that uses Symmetric Lisp as its base language. We argue that - in short - a basic semantic simplification in Symmetric Lisp promises a correspondingly basic increase in power at the user-interpreter interface.