Nature-Similar Technologies of the Biogeosystem Technique in Solving a Global Social and Environmental Problem

Abstract

Soil fertility is associated with the soil health, which determines the environment-forming (ecological) functions of the terrestrial-soil ecosystem – biological quality of products, and minimized ecoand sociosphere eco-toxic load. In the current conflict of the biosphere and technogenesis, it is important to avoid the increasing evolutionary risks associated primarily with the negative consequences of the global socio-environmental problem. For this a predictable coevolution of technosphere (noosphere) and biosphere is the most acceptable wayout. In this regard, the development of fundamentally new nature-similar solutions and technologies in relation to balance – pools, drivers, fluxes – of the most important biophilic elements (carbon and other) is relevant. Today, the ability to control the carbon cycle in agrosphere is very limited. In addition, the data on this balance calculated via different models differ significantly. Apparently, it is most realistic to intensify carbon sink into the terrestrial-soil ecosystem. The technological potential for Balance enrichment of C capture and storage (BECCS) currently looks truncated due to traditional approach to ecosphere management. The nutrients (in particular, nitrogen) that are introduced into the soil in large quantities are largely eliminated from the root layer due to leaching and/or volatilization. In general, the agrogeochemical balance of NPK in the soils of Russia is very unfavorable, largely due to the systematic surplus exports of mineral fertilizers abroad. With the soil improvement and optimization of the most important crops mineral nutrition, the country in the nearest future can become a leader of the food exporters. It is necessary to rethink the interaction of socium with biosphere as well as with most important component of biosphere, the pedosphere. As a new development paradigm, “Biogeosystem Technique” was proposed – an innovative scientific and technological direction as a framework of nature-similar algorithms, technologies and technical solutions. One of this is a soil aggregates and biogeochemical cycle management in order to create the nature-similar biogeosystems with transcendental properties. The principle proposed of soil reclamation via the milling of illuvial horizon (layer 20–45 cm), which ensures the growth of agrocenosis productivity and achieving the consistently high economic indicators for a long period. A new nature-similar water strategy of Biogeosystem Technique is proposed – the intra-soil continual-discrete humidification paradigm. In the supply phase, water is * Corresponding author E-mail addresses: sokolov34@mail.ru (M.S. Sokolov) Biogeosystem Technique, 2018, 5(2) 160 injected into the soil in a controlled dose, distributed in a vertical primary moistening cylinder at a depth of 10–40 cm. Subsequently, moisture from the primary moistening cylinder is redistributed by capillary, film, and vapor transfer. The proposed humidification technology eliminates the loss of water, its negative excess effect on the soil and agrolandscape, typical for standard irrigation. A nature-similar technology for mineral and organic wastes recycling has been proposed and substantiated, ensuring (simultaneously with a 20–45 cm layer intra-soil milling) the in-situ synthesis of meliorating and fertilizer substances. The developed artificial geophysical aggregate system ("soil – waste") is a priority recycling substrate. As a result, the phytoimmune status of the soil is optimized, its bioremediation is ensured, and a phytosanitary situation in the agrophytocenosis is improved. Thus, the controlled coevolutionary intensification of the agrosphere by the methods of Biogeosystem Technique will ensure an effective implementation of the state strategic programs for development of nature-similar technologies. This will improve the quality of life of the population, and a real solution to the global socio-environmental problem will provide the additional biofuels, raw materials and food production, the sustainability of biosphere will be increased by implementation of biodiversity saving, agriculture biologizing, and soilprotective strategy.