ELECTION PETITIONS AND THE STANDARD OF PROOF

J. Hatchard
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

In Bater v Bater Denning LJ stated that: ‘… in civil cases, the case may be proved by a preponderance of probability, but there may be degrees of probability within that standard’. He added that a higher degree of probability would be required where a civil court was considering a charge of fraud than when considering whether negligence had been established. Even so, a court was not required to adopt ‘so high a degree as a criminal court, even when it is considering a charge of a criminal nature’. In Hornal v Neuberger he again suggested that: ‘The more serious the allegation the higher the degree of probability that is required: but it need not, in a civil case, reach the very high standard required by the criminal law’.
选举请愿书和证明标准
在Bater诉Bater Denning一案中,LJ指出:“……在民事案件中,案件可以通过概率优势来证明,但在该标准内可能存在概率程度”。他补充说,在民事法庭考虑欺诈指控时,需要比考虑是否存在过失时更高的可能性。即便如此,法院也没有被要求采用“刑事法院如此高的级别,即使是在考虑刑事性质的指控时”。在Hornal诉Neuberger案中,他再次提出:“指控越严重,所要求的可能性程度就越高;但在民事案件中,不需要达到刑法所要求的非常高的标准。”
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