THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY OF THE NORTHERN BLACK SEA AS A FACTOR IN THE ECOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE DEGREE OF THE SOIL COVER OF THE REGION

Abstract

The article dwells upon the economic development of the territory of the Northern Black Sea Coast, which in various ways affected the state and transformation  of  its  soil  cover.  An overview of historical sources, which outlines the forms of public order, which determined the possibilities and necessity of using land resources. The relevance of the purposeful analysis of archaeological and historical periodization in the economic development of the studied territory was substantiated, comments on the actual material on the probability of certain impacts on the quality of soil cover were presented, the stages during which the state of the soil was influenced by certain factors of natural and anthropogenic origin, the author's assessment of the existing at that time, problems regarding changes in the extent of spread of cultivated land and changes in their quality. The conclusions determine  the  need  to focus  the concentration of  research efforts on  the establishment of  correlations  and  the emergence of  patterns of  soil formation in  the geomorphological environment, its transformation as a result of population growth, the diversity of economic use, and powerful melioration measures. The variety of tectonic patterns in the orographic and river network, the variability of stratigraphic and lithological complexes of soil forming species, significant differences in  the  geomorphological  structure, complex  combinations  of  significant areas of distribution of "background" genetic types of soils and local areas of the spread of colorful soil cover, as well as historically determined sequences of settlement of the region make up the range of analysis of the history of land use. The given historical excursion points to  the  need  to  focus  research  efforts  on  establishing relationships and deriving regularities  of  soil  cover formation in  the  geomorphological  environment, its transformation as a result of population growth, a variety of economic uses,  and  powerful reclamation measures. This region of  modern  Ukraine,  in our  opinion,  can  be  interpreted  as  a  key one for the entire Black Sea region, as it encompasses the set of tectonic, lithological and geomorphological features of the environment, other components of the environment, characteristic of the entire region, including the variety of tectonic regularities in the orography and river network, reliable and probable tectonic disturbances and areas  of  ascending  and  descending  tectonic movements of weak  activity, variegation of  stratigraphic  and lithological  complexes  with  increased and decreased foundation of the inclined undulating and horizontal flat plain on Neogene deposits, significant differences in the geomorphological structure of  individual  territories of  the Black Sea region, due to the presence of various morphological features, genetic types of relief, the  time of formation of various geomorphological taxa and the intensity of modern geomorphological processes, significant areas of distribution of "background" genetic types of soils (mainly at the interfluves), and local areas of the distribution of variegated soil cover due to the significant role of  the relief  of  the earth's surface, the historically determined sequence of settlement of the region and, accordingly, a different degree of economic activity, caused by a change in the nature of economic activity - from local around settlements and in the coastal zone, to regional, associated with the expansion of agricultural production and the development of irrigated agriculture.