Research on the Industrialization Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Guizhou: A Case Study of Ethnic Songs, Dances and Operas

Abstract

Guizhou Province has a large number of ethnic songs, dances and operas, which are precious intangible cultural heritage wealth. The singing and dancing art, which was produced and spread in the traditional farming society, is facing the situation of being lost because of its low practicability in today's era. Through field investigation, interviews and case studies, this paper summarized the problems existing in the inheritance of ethnic songs, dances and operas in Guizhou. In order to promote the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, the paper put forward suggestions on the inheritance of ethnic songs, dances and operas from the perspective of developing cultural industries. The laborers, labor materials, and labor objects of cultural production are the three elements to promote the development of cultural productivity. Based on the above theory, the paper gave specific suggestions on how to improve the cultural productivity and the industrialization degree of ethnic songs, dances and operas. Keywords—Intangible Cultural Heritage; Ethnic Songs, Dances and Operas; Industrialization; Inheritance; Guizhou I. RESEARCH BACKGROUND In 2017, general secretary Xi Jinping stressed that “creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese traditional culture” is a scientific guidance for the better transmission and development of traditional culture in the present era. At the “40th Anniversary Session of Reform and Opening up” in 2018, Xi Jinping emphasized again: “promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese traditional culture, carrying forward revolutionary culture and developing advanced culture.” This guided us to use China's excellent traditional culture scientifically, develop cultural industry, prosper cultural undertakings and meet the people’s growing needs for a better life. From 2009 to 2018, the proportion of added value of China’s culture and related industries in GDP increased year by year, from 2.54% in 2009 to 4.30% in 2018. According to the general standard that the pillar industry accounts for 5% of GDP, the cultural industry will soon become the pillar industry of the national economy. With the development of technologies such as the Internet, virtual reality, and block chain, new formats and new models of cultural industry are constantly emerging and developing rapidly. They are increasingly becoming new growth points for cultural industry and have spawned new creative industries and creative economies. Intangible cultural heritage comes from the way of production and life of human beings. It exists on the basis of human beings and embodies people’s aesthetics, beliefs, values and creativity. Intangible cultural heritage is a “living” culture. The ethnic songs, dances and operas, which integrate images, sounds and techniques, are more appealing “living” arts. Under the background of the development of cultural industry, how to creatively transform and develop national cultural resources such as ethnic songs, dances and operas, and how to develop life vitality relying on new technology are not only the needs of intangible cultural heritage protection but also the needs of people’s spiritual and cultural life. II. THE BASIS OF ETHNIC SONGS, DANCES AND OPERAS RESOURCES IN GUIZHOU Guizhou has a long history of many ethnic groups, and the characteristics of various ethnic groups living together form a colorful ethnic culture. Singing and dancing is the most basic entertainment and social activity for ethnic minorities in Guizhou. Rest and work, walking and driving, love and marriage, and funeral ancestors are all inseparable from singing and dancing. Singing and dancing is a way for people to express their feelings and convey their beliefs, which is integrated into every detail of people’s life. There are countless wonderful ethnic songs, dances and operas in the minority areas of Southeast Guizhou, Northwest Guizhou, Northeast Guizhou and South Guizhou. The Grand Song of Dong Minority, Miao’s Flying Song, Yi’s Bell Dance, Buyi’s Eight Notes Sitting Singing, Nuo Opera and so on fully show the rich spiritual world of Guizhou people. As of 2019, 85 items (140 sites) of intangible cultural heritage in Guizhou have been included in the National Intangible Heritage List, and 628 items (1026 sites) of intangible cultural heritage have been included in the Provincial Intangible Heritage List. There are 23 national intangible cultural heritages (see Table I), accounting for 27% of the total number of intangible cultural heritages in Guizhou. This shows the important position of ethnic songs, dances and operas in the production and life of Guizhou people. Sponsors : Beijing Cultural Industry and Publishing Media Research Base Project (04190119001/028); Youth project of Beijing Social Science Fund(18GLC050). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 455 Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Social Science, Economics and Education Research (SSEER 2020) Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 291 TABLE I. NATIONAL INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF ETHNIC SONGS, DANCES AND OPERAS IN GUIZHOU Category Sites Batch Traditional Music Grand Song of Dong Minority in Liping County, Dong’s Pipa Song in Rongjiang and Liping County First Miao’s folk song in Leishan County (Miao’s Flying Song); Buyi’s folk song (Good Red Tone) in Huishui County; Lusheng music in Danzhai County (Dong’s Lusheng, Miao’s Lusheng); Buyi’s Leyou in Zhenfeng, Xingyi and Zhenning; Grand Song of Dong Minority (Extended site) in Congjiang and Rongjiang County; Polyphonic folk song in Taijiang and Jianhe County (Extended site) Second Dong’s Pipa Song in Congjiang County (Extended site); Miao’s folk songs in Jianhe County (Miao’s Flying Song) (Extended site); Yi’s folk song in Pan County (Extended site) Third Traditional Dance Miao’s Lusheng Dance in Danzhai, Guiding and Nayong County (Pheasant Dance; Drum Dragon Drum Tiger; Rolling Hill Beads); Wooden drum dance in Taijiang County (Anti-handling) First Maonan’s Monkey and Drum Dance in Pingtang County; Yao’s Monkey and Drum Dance in Libo County; Yi’s Bell Dance in Hezhang County; Lion dance in Xingyi City; Miao’s Lusheng Dance in Leishan, Rongjiang, Shuicheng, and Guanling Buyi and Miao Autonomous County Second Miao’s Lusheng Dance in Puan County (Extended site) ; Buyi’s Rotating Dance in Ceheng County Forth