Carbon nanotubes - synthesis developmental engineering demands will overcome the health challenge of nanotoxicity and its acute mortality for humans

Abstract

Nanomanufacturing is the essential bridge between the discoveries of the nanosciences and real-world nanotechnology-enabled products. It is the utilization of value-added processes to control matter at the nanoscale in one, two, and three dimensions for reproducible, commercial-scale production. It encompasses bottom-up directed assembly, top-down high resolution processing, molecular systems engineering, and hierarchical integration with macro-scale systems. Advancing nanotechnology starting from the laboratory into high-volume production ultimately requires careful study of manufacturing system issues including product design, reliability and quality, process design and control, shop floor operations and supply chain management. However, nanomanufacturing processes are now key enablers to solve critical issues in the evolution of many products, fueling the innovation cycle to realize completely new products. These processes include bottom-up directed assembly, top-down high-resolution patterning and manipulation, molecular and biological systems engineering, and hierarchical integration across multiple length scales. As mentioned in one of our previous published articles, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be used as nanomaterial (NM) in both industrial and medical applications and they have significant promising biomedical applications, such as drug design, drug delivery, tumor therapy, tissue engineering, DNA recognition, and biosensor design. These issues bring a new feature to the discussion about purpose and mechanisms underlying the reaction of an organism with nanoparticles. The current discussion thus gives a new focus to the important aspect of nanotechnology, which can help researchers in determining the application aspects of this technology in future: the approach of biological systems to nanosized particles.