Traction Chair for the Spinal Injuries Prevention

Abstract

Introduction. Timely unloading of the spine, decompression of the intervertebral discs, posture correction allow to prevent spine disorders with subsequent violations of central nervous system сonnections with its target organs and their invalidization. The aim of the study. To present the design of the traction chair for the spinal injuries prevention. Materials and methods. Content analysis, systematic and comparative analysis, the bibliosemantic method of studying current trends in the constructions of traction chair for the prevention of spinal injuries, as well as methods of its application were used. Sources were searched in scientometric information databases: PubMed, Medline, Springer, Google Scholar, Research Gate by the keywords: kinesotraction, musculoskeletal system, traction chair. 11 papers in English and Ukrainian that cover this problem were selected and analyzed. The design of the traction chair for the prevention of spinal injuries is described. Results. The design of the traction chair includes: the chair itself, seat installed on the guides (with the possibility of movement in the vertical plane and fixation in the upper position), supports for the shoulder belt of the upper limbs, fixed on a movable back, which is installed on the guides, a traction headrest, racks, blocks, cable, load. The described construction is used as follows. The patient is placed on the seat, installed on the guides, fixed in the upper position, places the shoulder belt of the upper limbs on the supports, fixed on the movable backrest, which is installed on the guides and connected by a cable-block system with a load, fixed on a rack, places a traction headrest on the head, connected by a cable-block system with a load, releases the seat from fixation, which under the action of the mass the patient’s body is lowered along the guides. Cargo, connected by a cable-block system, fixed on a rack with a movable back and cargo, connected to a traction headrest, the top rises, creating a traction force that is applied to the thoracic and cervical parts of the spine, after which the patient rests his hands and feet on the supports, moves to the top position and the cycle repeats Stretching can be carried out of separately and at the same time of specified sections of the spine, as well as all sections in a static mode, provided that the hips are fixed with a belt to the chair in a sitting position. Cyclical changes in the stretching force with certain dynamics allow the mechanical development of spinal segments, increase their mobility, and stimulate the peripheral nervous system of the stretching zones. Conclusions. Presented construction of the traction chair and its application, directed towards correction of nervous and musculoskeletal systems disorders is an important component of the effective prevention of spinal-related diseases.