Handover Simulation Based on a Two-Rays Ground Reflection Model

Abstract

This paper is concerned with a numerical simulation for mobile stations moving randomly in a cellular electromagnetic environment. Two modal fields, 1-ray and 2-rays models, are proposed to simulate propagating waves radiated from a base station in urban, suburban or open area. Amplitude modification factor ƒ¿ and propagation order of distance $\beta$ are introduced in order to include the effect of reflection, shadowing and diffraction from various structures existing on a ground plane. In this study each cell is assumed to be composed of a hexagon with a base station at its center, and the above mentioned two parameters change from one cell to another. Considering a CDMA system, a soft handover using a marginal received power is performed by comparing the received powers from different base stations. It is demonstrated that the times of hand-overs are reduced depending on the value of marginal received power.