Signs and symptoms

A. Re, Agnese Capodieci
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Abstract

Barmah Forest virus is the name given to a virus that is carried by mosquitoes. The mosquito may have contracted the virus from infected marsupials particularly possums, kangaroos and wallabies or from infected humans. The infection is not fatal and all people who develop the disease do recover. Australia is the only country where Barmah Forest virus has been identified. There are over 400 cases of Barmah Forest virus reported in Queensland each year. Signs and Symptoms: Barmah Forest virus causes inflammation and joint pain and has similar symptoms to Ross River virus infection (epidemic polyarthritis), but usually lasts for a shorter duration. The symptoms may include fever, headache, tiredness, painful joints, joint swelling, muscle tenderness, and skin rashes. Some people, especially children, may become infected without showing any symptoms. The initial fever and discomfort only lasts a few days but some people may experience joint pain, tiredness and muscle tenderness for up to six months. Most people can return to work within a few days of becoming ill, although joint and muscle pain may cause some longer term restrictions in some occupations. The virus is passed to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. It cannot be passed directly between humans. Most people become unwell within three to 11 days after being bitten by an infectious mosquito. Treatment: There is no specific drug treatment for Barmah Forest virus infection. Treatment involves managing the symptoms that develop. Your doctor will advise on treatment for joint and muscle pains. A combination of plenty of rest, and gentle exercise are important to keep joints moving and to prevent overtiredness but medication may sometimes be necessary. Prevention: The best prevention is to take precautions against being bitten by mosquitos: use insect repellents and wear protective, light coloured clothing avoid being outside during times of heavy infestation of mosquitoes, eg. early evenings in the warmer months screen living and sleeping areas check your home regularly for potential mosquito breeding areas, eg. any uncovered water containers, small wading pools and old tyres should be emptied regularly. Mosquito eradication programs are the most effective way to control spread of disease. Health officers from most local councils and state health departments work together to develop and implement mosquito eradication programs. Health outcome: Cases of long illness can be distressing. Often when people experience long term severe tiredness, they may feel depressed. Help and assistance: For further information, please contact your local doctor, or nearest public health unit (https://www.health.qld.gov.au/system-governance/contact-us/contact/public-health-units). Footnote Heymann, D., ed. 2004. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 18th edition. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, pp 3537.
体征和症状
巴尔马森林病毒是一种由蚊子携带的病毒。蚊子可能从受感染的有袋动物(尤其是负鼠、袋鼠和小袋鼠)或受感染的人类身上感染了病毒。这种感染并不致命,所有患病的人都会康复。澳大利亚是唯一发现巴尔马森林病毒的国家。昆士兰州每年报告的巴尔马森林病毒病例超过400例。体征和症状:巴尔玛森林病毒引起炎症和关节疼痛,症状与罗斯河病毒感染(流行性多关节炎)相似,但通常持续时间较短。症状包括发热、头痛、疲劳、关节痛、关节肿胀、肌肉压痛和皮疹。有些人,尤其是儿童,可能在没有任何症状的情况下被感染。最初的发烧和不适只持续几天,但有些人可能会经历长达六个月的关节疼痛、疲劳和肌肉压痛。大多数人可以在生病后几天内重返工作岗位,尽管关节和肌肉疼痛可能会导致某些职业的长期限制。这种病毒通过被感染的蚊子叮咬传染给人类。它不能在人与人之间直接传播。大多数人在被传染性蚊子叮咬后3到11天内会感到不适。治疗:目前没有针对巴尔玛森林病毒感染的特异性药物治疗。治疗包括控制出现的症状。你的医生会建议如何治疗关节和肌肉疼痛。充分休息和适度运动的结合对于保持关节活动和防止过度疲劳很重要,但有时药物治疗是必要的。预防措施:最好的预防措施是采取预防措施,防止被蚊子叮咬:使用驱蚊剂,穿有保护作用的浅色衣服,避免在蚊子大量出没的时候外出,例如:在较温暖的月份,傍晚时分应筛检居住和睡觉的地方,定期检查家中可能滋生蚊子的地方,例如:任何未盖的容器、小水池和旧轮胎都应定期清空。灭蚊计划是控制疾病传播最有效的方法。大多数地方议会和州卫生部门的卫生官员共同制定和实施灭蚊计划。健康结果:长期患病的病例可能令人痛苦。通常,当人们经历长期的严重疲劳时,他们可能会感到沮丧。帮助和协助:欲了解更多信息,请联系您当地的医生或最近的公共卫生单位(https://www.health.qld.gov.au/system-governance/contact-us/contact/public-health-units)。海曼博士2004年编。传染病控制手册,第18版。华盛顿特区:美国公共卫生协会,第3537页。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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