POLITENESS FORMULAS IN THE SPEECHES OF ARAB POLITICAL FIGURES AND ARABIC MEDIEVAL POETRY

Abstract

Politeness formulas in Arabic are quite common. They can be found in literature, speeches by various figures, statements, and publications. Most often these were used and continue to be used in Arabic medieval poetry and in the speeches of Arab political figures. Arabic medieval poetry was not chosen by chance as an object of study, since it is in it that these formulas are most noticeable. They are used as a special form or even formula of speech that calls on the listener or reader to pay attention to something, or in this way express special respect for the object or, most often, the subject, in relation to which this formula of courtesy is used. In the speeches of politicians, such formulas can often be found at the beginning of a speech, when the speaker greets the public, listeners, the organizer of the meeting, when the greeting itself, containing politeness formulas, is quite long. The same can be seen in the Arabic medieval poetry. Sometimes the component of the appeal turns into some formula of politeness and praise of the subject or object. Characteristically, in the speeches of modern Arab politiciansthere is much more religious component than in medieval Arabic poetry. This is since examples of poetry in which these formulas of politeness are most visible were created before the active spread of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula. This article will consider the use of such formulas in the speeches of Arab politicians and in Arabic medieval poetry, and a conclusion is made about the use of these constructions and their variability in poetry and speeches.