Introductory Chapter: Artificial Intelligence - Challenges and Applications

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is any task performed by program or machine, which otherwise human needs to apply intelligence to accomplish it. It is the science and engineering of making machines to demonstrate intelligence especially visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages like human beings. AI is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. This includes learning, reasoning, planning, self-correction, problem solving, knowledge representation, perception, motion, manipulation, and creativity. It is a science and a set of computational techniques that are inspired by the way in which human beings use their nervous system and their body to feel, learn, reason, and act. AI is related to machine learning and deep learning wherein machine learning makes use of algorithms to discover patterns and generate insights from the data they are working on. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning, one that brings AI closer to the goal of enabling machines to think and work as human as possible. AI is a debatable topic and is often represented in a negative way; some would call it a blessing in disguise for businesses, while for some it is a technology that endangers the mere existence of humankind as it is potentially capable of taking over and dominating human being, but in reality artificial intelligence has affected our lifestyle either directly or indirectly and shaping the future of tomorrow. AI has already become an intrinsic part of our daily life and has greatly impacted our lifestyle despite the imperative uses of digital assistants of mobile phones, driverassistance systems, the bots, texts and speech translators, and systems that assist in recommending products and services and customized learning. Every emerging technology is a source of both enthusiasm and skepticism. AI is a source of both advantages and disadvantages in different perspectives. However, we need to overcome certain challenges before we can realize the true potential and immense transformational capabilities of this emerging technology. Some of the challenges related to artificial intelligence are: